What you need to know about baby's fever

Fever in babies is one of the situations parents face most often. When children are very small, and especially when they cannot put words to any other symptoms they might be feeling, it is easy to panic! But do not worry — we give you here all the information and tools to help you.

What causes fever in baby?

First of all, it is important to know that fever is a natural defence mechanism of our bodies. It is therefore not an illness in itself, but rather an early sign of an infection, either viral or bacterial. Body temperature rises because that is how the body fights the virus or bacteria that has taken hold. This means baby's immune system is activating! Proof that it is working well! But it is still important to determine how significant this fever is. Finally, it is worth noting that in babies, teething can trigger episodes of fever. In all cases, you will need to take and monitor baby's temperature.

How do you take a child's temperature?

Depending on your child's age, it will be necessary to adapt the method used to check their temperature. There are three reliable options. By rectal route (rectum), by oral route (mouth), or by axillary route (armpit). It is important to note that the rectal route remains the most accurate. If you are dealing with a child from birth to 5 years old, we recommend giving priority to taking the temperature rectally or under the armpit. Beyond this age, you can also take an oral reading, depending on the level of precision you wish to achieve.

Finally, a small piece of advice: make sure you wash your hands as well as the thermometer before and after taking the temperature. Also, note down the result each time in order to track how baby's fever is evolving, so that you are able to share this valuable information should you subsequently consult a doctor.

When should you be concerned about baby's fever?

Whatever the situation, if your baby is under 3 months old and has a fever, we strongly advise you to see a paediatrician promptly. For children over 3 months, first observe them carefully. Fever is a sign, as we have said. But your child's behaviour will help you determine whether there is an urgent need to seek medical advice. Baby's general condition will guide you. Indeed, if baby has a mild fever but is irritable or drowsy, for example, this may indicate a more worrying case than a child who has a higher fever but maintains their usual habits in terms of activities, feeding, or energy levels.

What signs can help you decide whether to see a doctor?

Do be aware that if your little one presents the following symptoms, it goes without saying that you should seek medical attention:

• If baby has a high temperature (above 40°C);
• If their general condition is deteriorating. Particularly if they are no longer eating, refusing to drink, or sleeping excessively. Similarly if they do not respond when you stimulate them, or if their skin is mottled.
• Equally, if baby has a headache, a stiff neck, or is vomiting.
• Similarly, if they show signs of dehydration, such as dry lips and less frequent urination.
• If baby has tummy ache and severe diarrhoea.
• Or if their breathing is laboured — in other words short and rapid, irregular, or showing signs of difficulty. Check the space between their ribs and above their collarbones: if these areas hollow inwards when they breathe, you should seek medical attention.

Finally, if your child has a persistent fever lasting more than two days, or one that disappears and reappears less than 24 hours later, seek medical attention promptly as well. And if you are simply worried, consult a doctor to put your mind at rest and so that you in turn can reassure your baby.

The right things to do when baby has a fever

Adapting baby's clothing is the first step: light, dry clothing as a general rule, and cover them with a small blanket during episodes of shivering. Give them plenty to drink and settle them in a calm place where they can rest as much as possible, in a room at an ambient temperature of around 21 to 23 degrees. Do not hesitate to give them a gentle wipe down with a lukewarm flannel if you notice that it brings some relief. And stick to that. Indeed, avoid fans, cold or lukewarm baths. Finally, as regards feeding, never force them if they refuse, or if they are only eating small amounts. And finally, remember that patience and observation will be your best allies.